The relationship between religion and the state has become an actual
and dynamic discourse in every phase of the development of civilization, both
in the West and in the East. The debate revolves around the question of the
form of the state, whether it is integral, symbiotic, or secular. Departing from
this discourse, this study examined the existence of the relationship between
religion (Islam) and the state in Indonesia. The approach used was Martin
Heidegger's hermeneutics, while the study method used was a comparative
method. The results of this study indicate that historically-normatively, the
Prophet SAW had formulated the State of Medina based on the Medina Charter
which spirit was based on the texts of the Qur'an, not an Islamic state based on
the literal Qur'an. The scholars who became the founders of the Indonesian state
had also formulated Pancasila as stated in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution
of the Republic of Indonesia as the ideal building for establishing relations
between religion and the state in Indonesia, so that religion and the state could
develop dialectically. The substance of religious norms was applied after
promulgation and in accordance with Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the
Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, the ideal relationship between religion and the
State could be built based on a symbiotic or dynamic-dialectical typology.
Keywords: State; Religion; Pluralism; Pancasila