For 300 years, precisely from 1250 to 1517, the Mamluk Dynasty ruled
in Egypt and Syria. Their power ended after the conquest of the Ottoman Turks,
who later built a new empire. The writer wants to describe how the slave nation
could become a ruler who gained legitimacy from Muslims. Mamluk is a soldier
who comes from slaves who have converted to Islam. "The mamluk
phenomenon," as David Ayalon called it, was an extremely large and long-lived
important politic, which lasted from the 9th century to the 19th century AD. Over
time, Mamluk became a robust military caste in various Muslim societies.
Especially in Egypt, but also the Levant, Iraq, and India, mamluks hold political
and military power. In some cases, they gained the position of the Sultan, while in
other cases, they held regional power as amir or beys. The historical method starts
with collecting literature, sorting, and analyzing and interpreting the writer doing
historiography on the dynamics of this mamluk dynasty government. A dynasty filled
with phenomenon, which originated from slaves and then turned into the ruler of a vast
territory. Not only that, but the slaves were also able to defeat big countries like France,
Portugal, and Italy. The Mamluk Sultanate was famous for repelling the Mongols
and fighting with the Crusaders. They are descended from various variations, but
the most frequent is Kipchak Turks , depending on the period and region in
question. When a mamluk is bought, their status is above ordinary slaves, who are
not permitted to carry weapons or carry out specific tasks. In places like Egypt,
from the Ayyubid dynasty to the era of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Mamluk is
considered as "real rulers" with social status over those born as Muslims.
Keywords: Dynast, Fall, Rise, Mamluk.