This article examines the concept of al-Mawdudi’
Islamic state in a modern context. The concept could not be
separated from the reaction al-Mawdudi of Pakistan
government. He stated that the state has failed to establish Islam
state. In particular, al-Mawdudi called his concept as “Theo-
Democracy”. The concept was conceived as a system of govern-
ment, in which the Muslims are given a limited constitution
under God’s sovereignty. According to al-Mawdudi, the concept
has precedent since the time of the Prophet and the Compa-
nions. In essence, al-Mawdudi’s ideas have much in common
with the thought of Rashid Rida and the Ikhwanul Muslimin.
Keywords: al-Maudûdî, teo-demokrasi, zimmi